BÀI 40: INVERSION (ĐẢO NGỮ)
Inversion: Đảo ngữ là đảo động từ / trợ động từ ra trước chủ từ (subject). Đảo ngữ dùng để nhấn mạnh.
Ex: He never works on Sunday.
→ Never does he work on Sunday. (nhấn mạnh việc “không bao giờ”)
I. AFFIRMATIVE vs INTERROGATIVE
Nhắc lại: Ở thể nghi vấn, phải đảo trợ động từ (do/does/did…) ra trước chủ từ.
| Affirmative (Thể xác định) | Interrogative (Thể nghi vấn) |
|---|---|
| You are a student. | Are you a student? |
| We go to school today. | Do we go to school today? |
| She goes to school today. | Does she go to school today? |
| You went to school yesterday. | Did you go to school yesterday? |
| I had never felt so happy. | Had I never felt so happy? |
| He can speak French well. | Can he speak French well? |
II. ĐẢO NGỮ TRONG CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
Type 1
Simple present → should + infinitive
(bỏ if, đảo should lên trước)
If she comes late, she will miss the train.
→ Should she come late, she will miss the train.
Type 2
Simple past → were + to infinitive
(bỏ if, đảo were lên trước)
If he worked slowly, he wouldn’t make mistakes.
→ Were he to work slowly, he wouldn’t make mistakes.
Type 3
Past perfect → had + V3
(bỏ if, đưa had lên đầu câu)
If I hadn’t seen it, I wouldn’t have believed it.
→ Had I not seen it, I wouldn’t have believed it.
III. CÁC CẤU TRÚC ĐẢO NGỮ KHÁC
1. Đảo ngữ với trạng từ tần suất (phủ định)
Never / Rarely / Seldom / Little / Hardly ever + Trợ động từ + S + V
He is never late… → Never is he late for school.
Mary seldom listens… → Seldom does Mary listen to music.
2. Đảo ngữ với hai hành động quá khứ (Vừa mới… thì…)
No sooner + had + S + V3 than + S + V2
Hardly / Barely / Scarcely + had + S + V3 when / before + S + V2
I had no sooner arrived home than the phone rang.
→ No sooner had I arrived home than the phone rang.
3. Đảo ngữ với ONLY (Đảo ở mệnh đề chính)
Only once / Only later / Only then / Only in this way / Only by/with + N/V-ing
Only after / Only when + Mệnh đề
She will love him only when she understands him.
→ Only when she understands him will she love him.
4. Đảo ngữ với UNTIL / TILL (Mãi cho đến khi)
Not until / till + Time/Mệnh đề + Trợ động từ + S + V
I didn’t know it till I got home.
→ Not until I got home did I know it.
5. Đảo ngữ với SO / SUCH … THAT
So + Adj + to be + S + that + clause
This book is so interesting that…
→ So interesting is this book that I’ve read it many times.
6. Đảo ngữ với NO / NOT
No / Not any + Noun + Trợ động từ + S + V
No books shall I lend you from now on.
7. Đảo ngữ với cụm từ có NO
At no time, On no condition, On no account, Under / in no circumstances, For no reason, In no way, No longer, Nowhere
Under no circumstances should you leave here.
No longer does he live next to me.
8. Đảo ngữ với NOT ONLY … BUT ALSO
Not only is he good at History but he also sings beautifully.
I. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN
Chọn cụm từ đảo ngữ đúng để hoàn thành các câu sau.
